The types of cancers that develop in children are referred to as pediatric cancers, and they are different from that of adults.
A small percentage of childhood cancers result from the DNA (gene) changes that are inherited from parents to children.
The most common types of pediatric cancers include leukemias, brain cancers, lymphomas, and solid tumors such as neuroblastoma and wilms tumors.
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The following tests are used to detect and diagnose childhood cancer:
The treatment options and advice are based on various aspects, such as the type and the stage at which cancer is diagnosed, potential adverse effects, and the patient's preferences and general health.
Surgery involves the removal of the tumor.
The various types of systemic treatments employed to treat cancer in children comprise:
Radiation therapy involves using x-rays with high energy or other particles, such as photons, to destroy cancerous cells.
A Bone Marrow Transplant is a medical procedure where bone marrow containing cancer is replaced with highly-specialized cells. These cells, also known as hematopoietic stem cells, grow to form healthy bone marrow, and they are blood-forming cells found in bloodstreams and inside bone marrow. This procedure is also known as stem cell transplant or the transplant of blood stem cells, or hematopoietic stem-cell transplant.
Specific environmental triggers like radiation exposure have been associated with certain types of pediatric cancer. A few studies have found that specific parental exposures (such as smoking cigarettes) may increase a child's chance of developing certain cancers. However, more research is required to investigate these connections.
Children may inherit DNA mutations (mutations) from their parents, increasing the chance of developing certain types of cancer.
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Authored by Dr K Srinivas Rao - Best Radiation Oncologist in Gachibowli, Hyderabad